Integrative Men's Health by Spar Myles D.;Munoz George E.;

Author:Spar, Myles D.;Munoz, George E.;
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Oxford University Press, Incorporated
Published: 2014-08-15T00:00:00+00:00

LIFESTYLE INTERVENTIONS

TRT is only the pharmacologic component of TD therapy. All TRT is bioidentical, unlike the hormonal replacement used in the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI). Another difference from the WHI is that positive health behaviors, such as exercise, diet, and avoidance of smoking, are considered a means of preventing TD, and they correlate significantly with higher testosterone levels over time in population-based research (Yeap et al., 2009).

CURRENT TREATMENT MODALITIES

Current treatment modalities appear relatively safe, and those adverse events that have been definitively associated with treatment are reversible with cessation of treatment. These include acne, gynecomastia, erythrocytosis, and edema. A number of additional risks have appeared in the literature, but their relationship to TRT is less well established. These include sleep apnea, worsening of urinary voiding symptoms, and prostate cancer. Standard forms of TRT do not appear to adversely affect lipid profiles (Saad et al., 2008; Traish, Abdou, and Kypreos, 2009; Zitzmann and Nieschlag, 2007), or renal function. TRT does not appear to cause liver toxicity, with the exception of oral alkylated T preparations (e.g., methyltestosterone), which should not be used for TRT for this reason.

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